English Guru

 

Malala Yousafzai

Unit 1Education and Humanity

    Ways with words

A. Find the words from the text which mean the following.

a. a messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission: Envoy

b. the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect: Dignity

c. harm done to someone in response to harm: Revenge

d. a person who holds extreme views in political or religious matters: Extremists

e. sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others: Compassion

f. a person who is believed to speak for God: Prophet

g. the study of the nature of knowledge, reality and existence: Philosophy

h. the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage or destroy: Violence

i. an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things: Prejudice

B. Match the words on the left with their opposite meanings on the right.

           a. honour                        i. kindness 

 b. innocent                     ii. literacy

c. brutality                      iii. guilty

d. forgiveness                 iv. disgrace

e. illiteracy                      v. punishment

C. Using dictionary

Dictionary contains at least three forms of information about a word: pronunciation, word class and meaning.

 Look at the following dictionary entry of the words ‘humanity’ and ‘humanize’ (Oxford

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 9th edition):                                                                         

humanity/hjuːˈmænəti/ noun1 [U] people in general: He was found guilty of crimes against humanity. 2 [U] the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine: The story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus. united by a sense of common humanity3 [U] the quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being humane: The judge was praised for his courage and humanity. OPP inhumanity 4(the) humanities [pl.] the subjects of study that are about the way people think and behave, for example literature, language, history and philosophy: The college offers a wide range of courses in the arts and humanities.

humanize(BrE also -ise) /ˈhjuːmənaɪz/ verb~sth to make sth more pleasant or suitable for people; to make sth more HUMANE: These measures are intended to humanize the prison system.

a. Study the dictionary entry above and answer these questions.

1. What is the headword in the first entry?

- humanity

2.  How many meanings of the word ‘humanity’ are given?

-Four meanings are given

3.  What do the abbreviations U, OPP, pl, and sth stand for?

U stands for Uncountable Noun, OPP- Opposite               pl- Plural        sth- Something

4.  What is the British English spelling of ‘humanize’?

- humanise

5.  How is the word ‘humanize’ pronounced?

-/ˈhjuːmənaɪz/

6. If we say Every person should have the sense of humanity, which meaning of ‘humanity’ is applied?

- 3^rd meaning of 'humanity' is applied

b. Arrange the following words in alphabetical order.

i. advance analysis amuse assure allergy attain aid anxiety acute agreement

ii. smoke small smart speaking smelling smoothly smuggler smashed smearing smallpox

iii. terminal terminate terminology termite terms terrace terrible terribly territory terror

1. acute advance agreement aid allergy amuse analysis anxiety assure attain
2.  small smallpox smart smashed smearing smelling smoke smoothly smuggler speaking
3.  terminal terminate terminology termite terms terrace terrible terribly territory terror

c. Make a list of five new words from the reading text. Using a dictionary, write their meanings and use the words in sentences of your own.

   Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

a. Why did the speaker receive thousands of good-wishes cards and gifts from all over the world?

-   The speaker received thousands of good-wishes cards and gifts from all over the world to support her campaign and for her speedy recovery when she was seriously injured due to the gunshot of Taliban.

b. According to the speaker, what are hundreds of human rights activists and social workers struggling for?

-    Hundreds of human rights activists and social workers are struggling for achieving the goal of  education, peace and equality

c. What has she learnt from Gandhi?

-  She has learnt the philosophy of non-violence from Gandhi.

d. In what sense is peace necessary for education?

-    Peace is necessary for education for creating stress free and friendly environment for children to study.

e.  According to the speaker, what are the main problems faced by both men and women?

-    According to the speaker, the main problems faced by both men and women are poverty, ignorance, unfairness, racism, and denial of fundamental rights.

f. What is Malala calling upon all governments?

-    Malala is calling upon all governments to guarantee free compulsory education, combat against terrorism and violence and to protect children from cruelty and damage.

g. What is the main message of this speech?

-    The main message of this speech; education is only answer to the worldwide battle against illiteracy, poverty and terrorism.

   Critical thinking

a. All children have the right to quality education. How can we ensure this right to every child? Discuss the role of the government and the parents to make sure that every child can attend school.

b. Do you think that there is still discrimination between sons and daughters in terms of providing education in our country? What strategies do you suggest to overcome such discrimination against girls?

c. A Chinese philosopher Confucius said, “If your plan is for one year, plant rice; if your plan is for ten years, plant trees; if your plan is for one hundred years, educate children.” What is the meaning of this saying? Elaborate this with examples.

    Writing

a. Recall your school days. Write in three paragraphs of an event that you always remember.

b. "Education empowers a person". Elaborate this statement giving examples of your personal experience.

   Grammar

Word classes

A.    Word class refers to the category of words of similar form or function. Another name of word class is a parts of speech. In the text below, certain words are underlined. While you read, try to identify which word class they belong to.

Governments         - noun

Temporarily           - adverb

affected                  - verb

and                        - conjunction

in                           - preposition

immediate             - adjective

the                         - determiner

B. Classify the underlined words into different word classes.

a. The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle’s friend.

b. I bought a round table in the supermarket.

c. Alas, she is dead.

d. Hari works very hard all the time but his wife is very lazy.

e. I have never been to Japan.

Who – pronoun               wearing- verb                             my – determiner

Round- adjective             the- determiner                          Alas- interjection

Hard – adverb                 but- conjunction                          wife -noun 

Very- adverb                   never- adverb                              to – preposition